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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "ExtUtils::MM_Unix 3"
.TH ExtUtils::MM_Unix 3 "2002-11-24" "perl v5.8.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.SH "NAME"
ExtUtils::MM_Unix \- methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\f(CW\*(C`require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;\*(C'\fR
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The methods provided by this package are designed to be used in
conjunction with ExtUtils::MakeMaker. When MakeMaker writes a
Makefile, it creates one or more objects that inherit their methods
from a package \f(CW\*(C`MM\*(C'\fR. \s-1MM\s0 itself doesn't provide any methods, but it
\&\s-1ISA\s0 ExtUtils::MM_Unix class. The inheritance tree of \s-1MM\s0 lets operating
specific packages take the responsibility for all the methods provided
by MM_Unix. We are trying to reduce the number of the necessary
overrides by defining rather primitive operations within
ExtUtils::MM_Unix.
.PP
If you are going to write a platform specific \s-1MM\s0 package, please try
to limit the necessary overrides to primitive methods, and if it is not
possible to do so, let's work out how to achieve that gain.
.PP
If you are overriding any of these methods in your Makefile.PL (in the
\&\s-1MY\s0 class), please report that to the makemaker mailing list. We are
trying to minimize the necessary method overrides and switch to data
driven Makefile.PLs wherever possible. In the long run less methods
will be overridable via the \s-1MY\s0 class.
.SH "METHODS"
.IX Header "METHODS"
The following description of methods is still under
development. Please refer to the code for not suitably documented
sections and complain loudly to the makemaker mailing list.
.PP
Not all of the methods below are overridable in a
Makefile.PL. Overridable methods are marked as (o). All methods are
overridable by a platform specific MM_*.pm file (See
ExtUtils::MM_VMS) and ExtUtils::MM_OS2).
.Sh "SelfLoaded methods"
.IX Subsection "SelfLoaded methods"
.IP "c_o (o)" 2
.IX Item "c_o (o)"
Defines the suffix rules to compile different flavors of C files to
object files.
.IP "cflags (o)" 2
.IX Item "cflags (o)"
Does very much the same as the cflags script in the perl
distribution. It doesn't return the whole compiler command line, but
initializes all of its parts. The const_cccmd method then actually
returns the definition of the \s-1CCCMD\s0 macro which uses these parts.
.IP "clean (o)" 2
.IX Item "clean (o)"
Defines the clean target.
.IP "const_cccmd (o)" 2
.IX Item "const_cccmd (o)"
Returns the full compiler call for C programs and stores the
definition in \s-1CONST_CCCMD\s0.
.IP "const_config (o)" 2
.IX Item "const_config (o)"
Defines a couple of constants in the Makefile that are imported from
\&\f(CW%Config\fR.
.IP "const_loadlibs (o)" 2
.IX Item "const_loadlibs (o)"
Defines \s-1EXTRALIBS\s0, \s-1LDLOADLIBS\s0, \s-1BSLOADLIBS\s0, \s-1LD_RUN_PATH\s0. See
ExtUtils::Liblist for details.
.IP "constants (o)" 2
.IX Item "constants (o)"
Initializes lots of constants and .SUFFIXES and .PHONY
.IP "depend (o)" 2
.IX Item "depend (o)"
Same as macro for the depend attribute.
.IP "dir_target (o)" 2
.IX Item "dir_target (o)"
Takes an array of directories that need to exist and returns a
Makefile entry for a .exists file in these directories. Returns
nothing, if the entry has already been processed. We're helpless
though, if the same directory comes as $(\s-1FOO\s0) _and_ as \*(L"bar\*(R". Both of
them get an entry, that's why we use \*(L"::\*(R".
.IP "dist (o)" 2
.IX Item "dist (o)"
Defines a lot of macros for distribution support.
.IP "dist_basics (o)" 2
.IX Item "dist_basics (o)"
Defines the targets distclean, distcheck, skipcheck, manifest, veryclean.
.IP "dist_ci (o)" 2
.IX Item "dist_ci (o)"
Defines a check in target for \s-1RCS\s0.
.IP "dist_core (o)" 2
.IX Item "dist_core (o)"
Defines the targets dist, tardist, zipdist, uutardist, shdist
.IP "dist_dir" 2
.IX Item "dist_dir"
Defines the scratch directory target that will hold the distribution
before tar-ing (or shar\-ing).
.IP "dist_test" 2
.IX Item "dist_test"
Defines a target that produces the distribution in the
scratchdirectory, and runs 'perl Makefile.PL; make ;make test' in that
subdirectory.
.IP "dlsyms (o)" 2
.IX Item "dlsyms (o)"
Used by \s-1AIX\s0 and \s-1VMS\s0 to define \s-1DL_FUNCS\s0 and \s-1DL_VARS\s0 and write the *.exp
files.
.IP "dynamic (o)" 2
.IX Item "dynamic (o)"
Defines the dynamic target.
.IP "dynamic_bs (o)" 2
.IX Item "dynamic_bs (o)"
Defines targets for bootstrap files.
.IP "dynamic_lib (o)" 2
.IX Item "dynamic_lib (o)"
Defines how to produce the *.so (or equivalent) files.
.IP "exescan" 2
.IX Item "exescan"
Deprecated method. Use libscan instead.
.IP "extliblist" 2
.IX Item "extliblist"
Called by init_others, and calls ext ExtUtils::Liblist. See
ExtUtils::Liblist for details.
.IP "find_perl" 2
.IX Item "find_perl"
Finds the executables \s-1PERL\s0 and \s-1FULLPERL\s0
.IP "find_tests" 2
.IX Item "find_tests"
.Vb 1
\& my $test = $mm->find_tests;
.Ve
.Sp
Returns a string suitable for feeding to the shell to return all
tests in t/*.t.
.Sh "Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile"
.IX Subsection "Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile"
The methods here are called for each MakeMaker object in the order
specified by \f(CW@ExtUtils::MakeMaker::MM_Sections\fR.
.IP "fixin" 2
.IX Item "fixin"
.Vb 1
\& $mm->fixin(@files);
.Ve
.Sp
Inserts the sharpbang or equivalent magic number to a set of \f(CW@files\fR.
.IP "force (o)" 2
.IX Item "force (o)"
Just writes \s-1FORCE:\s0
.IP "guess_name" 2
.IX Item "guess_name"
Guess the name of this package by examining the working directory's
name. MakeMaker calls this only if the developer has not supplied a
\&\s-1NAME\s0 attribute.
.IP "has_link_code" 2
.IX Item "has_link_code"
Returns true if C, \s-1XS\s0, \s-1MYEXTLIB\s0 or similar objects exist within this
object that need a compiler. Does not descend into subdirectories as
\&\fIneeds_linking()\fR does.
.IP "init_dirscan" 2
.IX Item "init_dirscan"
Initializes \s-1DIR\s0, \s-1XS\s0, \s-1PM\s0, C, O_FILES, H, \s-1PL_FILES\s0, MAN*PODS, \s-1EXE_FILES\s0.
.IP "init_main" 2
.IX Item "init_main"
Initializes \s-1AR\s0, \s-1AR_STATIC_ARGS\s0, \s-1BASEEXT\s0, \s-1CONFIG\s0, \s-1DISTNAME\s0, \s-1DLBASE\s0,
\&\s-1EXE_EXT\s0, \s-1FULLEXT\s0, \s-1FULLPERL\s0, \s-1FULLPERLRUN\s0, \s-1FULLPERLRUNINST\s0, INST_*,
INSTALL*, \s-1INSTALLDIRS\s0, \s-1LD\s0, \s-1LIB_EXT\s0, \s-1LIBPERL_A\s0, \s-1MAP_TARGET\s0, \s-1NAME\s0,
\&\s-1OBJ_EXT\s0, \s-1PARENT_NAME\s0, \s-1PERL\s0, \s-1PERL_ARCHLIB\s0, \s-1PERL_INC\s0, \s-1PERL_LIB\s0,
\&\s-1PERL_SRC\s0, \s-1PERLRUN\s0, \s-1PERLRUNINST\s0, \s-1PREFIX\s0, \s-1VERSION\s0,
\&\s-1VERSION_FROM\s0, \s-1VERSION_SYM\s0, \s-1XS_VERSION\s0.
.IP "init_others" 2
.IX Item "init_others"
Initializes \s-1EXTRALIBS\s0, \s-1BSLOADLIBS\s0, \s-1LDLOADLIBS\s0, \s-1LIBS\s0, \s-1LD_RUN_PATH\s0,
\&\s-1OBJECT\s0, \s-1BOOTDEP\s0, \s-1PERLMAINCC\s0, \s-1LDFROM\s0, \s-1LINKTYPE\s0, \s-1NOOP\s0, \s-1FIRST_MAKEFILE\s0,
\&\s-1MAKEFILE\s0, \s-1NOECHO\s0, \s-1RM_F\s0, \s-1RM_RF\s0, \s-1TEST_F\s0, \s-1TOUCH\s0, \s-1CP\s0, \s-1MV\s0, \s-1CHMOD\s0, \s-1UMASK_NULL\s0
.IP "init_INST" 2
.IX Item "init_INST"
.Vb 1
\& $mm->init_INST;
.Ve
.Sp
Called by init_main. Sets up all INST_* variables.
.IP "init_INSTALL" 2
.IX Item "init_INSTALL"
.Vb 1
\& $mm->init_INSTALL;
.Ve
.Sp
Called by init_main. Sets up all INSTALL_* variables (except
\&\s-1INSTALLDIRS\s0) and \s-1PREFIX\s0.
.IP "init_PERL" 2
.IX Item "init_PERL"
.Vb 1
\& $mm->init_PERL;
.Ve
.Sp
Called by init_main. Sets up \s-1ABSPERL\s0, \s-1PERL\s0, \s-1FULLPERL\s0 and all the
*PERLRUN* permutations.
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& PERL is allowed to be miniperl
\& FULLPERL must be a complete perl
\& ABSPERL is PERL converted to an absolute path
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& *PERLRUN contains everything necessary to run perl, find it's
\& libraries, etc...
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& *PERLRUNINST is *PERLRUN + everything necessary to find the
\& modules being built.
.Ve
.IP "init_PERM" 2
.IX Item "init_PERM"
.Vb 1
\& $mm->init_PERM
.Ve
.Sp
Called by init_main. Initializes PERL_*
.IP "install (o)" 2
.IX Item "install (o)"
Defines the install target.
.IP "installbin (o)" 2
.IX Item "installbin (o)"
Defines targets to make and to install \s-1EXE_FILES\s0.
.IP "libscan (o)" 2
.IX Item "libscan (o)"
Takes a path to a file that is found by init_dirscan and returns false
if we don't want to include this file in the library. Mainly used to
exclude \s-1RCS\s0, \s-1CVS\s0, and \s-1SCCS\s0 directories from installation.
.IP "linkext (o)" 2
.IX Item "linkext (o)"
Defines the linkext target which in turn defines the \s-1LINKTYPE\s0.
.IP "lsdir" 2
.IX Item "lsdir"
Takes as arguments a directory name and a regular expression. Returns
all entries in the directory that match the regular expression.
.IP "macro (o)" 2
.IX Item "macro (o)"
Simple subroutine to insert the macros defined by the macro attribute
into the Makefile.
.IP "makeaperl (o)" 2
.IX Item "makeaperl (o)"
Called by staticmake. Defines how to write the Makefile to produce a
static new perl.
.Sp
By default the Makefile produced includes all the static extensions in
the perl library. (Purified versions of library files, e.g.,
DynaLoader_pure_p1_c0_032.a are automatically ignored to avoid link errors.)
.IP "makefile (o)" 2
.IX Item "makefile (o)"
Defines how to rewrite the Makefile.
.IP "manifypods (o)" 2
.IX Item "manifypods (o)"
Defines targets and routines to translate the pods into manpages and
put them into the INST_* directories.
.IP "maybe_command" 2
.IX Item "maybe_command"
Returns true, if the argument is likely to be a command.
.IP "maybe_command_in_dirs" 2
.IX Item "maybe_command_in_dirs"
method under development. Not yet used. Ask Ilya :\-)
.IP "needs_linking (o)" 2
.IX Item "needs_linking (o)"
Does this module need linking? Looks into subdirectory objects (see
also \fIhas_link_code()\fR)
.IP "nicetext" 2
.IX Item "nicetext"
misnamed method (will have to be changed). The MM_Unix method just
returns the argument without further processing.
.Sp
On \s-1VMS\s0 used to insure that colons marking targets are preceded by
space \- most Unix Makes don't need this, but it's necessary under \s-1VMS\s0
to distinguish the target delimiter from a colon appearing as part of
a filespec.
.IP "parse_abstract" 2
.IX Item "parse_abstract"
parse a file and return what you think is the \s-1ABSTRACT\s0
.IP "parse_version" 2
.IX Item "parse_version"
parse a file and return what you think is \f(CW$VERSION\fR in this file set to.
It will return the string \*(L"undef\*(R" if it can't figure out what \f(CW$VERSION\fR
is. \f(CW$VERSION\fR should be for all to see, so our \f(CW$VERSION\fR or plain \f(CW$VERSION\fR
are okay, but my \f(CW$VERSION\fR is not.
.IP "pasthru (o)" 2
.IX Item "pasthru (o)"
Defines the string that is passed to recursive make calls in
subdirectories.
.IP "perl_script" 2
.IX Item "perl_script"
Takes one argument, a file name, and returns the file name, if the
argument is likely to be a perl script. On MM_Unix this is true for
any ordinary, readable file.
.IP "perldepend (o)" 2
.IX Item "perldepend (o)"
Defines the dependency from all *.h files that come with the perl
distribution.
.IP "perm_rw (o)" 2
.IX Item "perm_rw (o)"
Returns the attribute \f(CW\*(C`PERM_RW\*(C'\fR or the string \f(CW644\fR.
Used as the string that is passed
to the \f(CW\*(C`chmod\*(C'\fR command to set the permissions for read/writeable files.
MakeMaker chooses \f(CW644\fR because it has turned out in the past that
relying on the umask provokes hard-to-track bug reports.
When the return value is used by the perl function \f(CW\*(C`chmod\*(C'\fR, it is
interpreted as an octal value.
.IP "perm_rwx (o)" 2
.IX Item "perm_rwx (o)"
Returns the attribute \f(CW\*(C`PERM_RWX\*(C'\fR or the string \f(CW755\fR,
i.e. the string that is passed
to the \f(CW\*(C`chmod\*(C'\fR command to set the permissions for executable files.
See also perl_rw.
.IP "pm_to_blib" 2
.IX Item "pm_to_blib"
Defines target that copies all files in the hash \s-1PM\s0 to their
destination and autosplits them. See \*(L"\s-1DESCRIPTION\s0\*(R" in ExtUtils::Install
.IP "post_constants (o)" 2
.IX Item "post_constants (o)"
Returns an empty string per default. Dedicated to overrides from
within Makefile.PL after all constants have been defined.
.IP "post_initialize (o)" 2
.IX Item "post_initialize (o)"
Returns an empty string per default. Used in Makefile.PLs to add some
chunk of text to the Makefile after the object is initialized.
.IP "postamble (o)" 2
.IX Item "postamble (o)"
Returns an empty string. Can be used in Makefile.PLs to write some
text to the Makefile at the end.
.IP "ppd" 2
.IX Item "ppd"
Defines target that creates a \s-1PPD\s0 (Perl Package Description) file
for a binary distribution.
.IP "prefixify" 2
.IX Item "prefixify"
.Vb 1
\& $MM->prefixify($var, $prefix, $new_prefix, $default);
.Ve
.Sp
Using either \f(CW$MM\fR\->{uc \f(CW$var\fR} || \f(CW$Config\fR{lc \f(CW$var\fR}, it will attempt to
replace it's \f(CW$prefix\fR with a \f(CW$new_prefix\fR. Should the \f(CW$prefix\fR fail to
match it sill simply set it to the \f(CW$new_prefix\fR + \f(CW$default\fR.
.Sp
This is for heuristics which attempt to create directory structures
that mirror those of the installed perl.
.Sp
For example:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& $MM->prefixify('installman1dir', '/usr', '/home/foo', 'man/man1');
.Ve
.Sp
this will attempt to remove '/usr' from the front of the
\&\f(CW$MM\fR\->{\s-1INSTALLMAN1DIR\s0} path (initializing it to \f(CW$Config\fR{installman1dir}
if necessary) and replace it with '/home/foo'. If this fails it will
simply use '/home/foo/man/man1'.
.IP "processPL (o)" 2
.IX Item "processPL (o)"
Defines targets to run *.PL files.
.IP "quote_paren" 2
.IX Item "quote_paren"
Backslashes parentheses \f(CW\*(C`()\*(C'\fR in command line arguments.
Doesn't handle recursive Makefile \f(CW\*(C`$(...)\*(C'\fR constructs,
but handles simple ones.
.IP "realclean (o)" 2
.IX Item "realclean (o)"
Defines the realclean target.
.IP "replace_manpage_separator" 2
.IX Item "replace_manpage_separator"
.Vb 1
\& my $man_name = $MM->replace_manpage_separator($file_path);
.Ve
.Sp
Takes the name of a package, which may be a nested package, in the
form 'Foo/Bar.pm' and replaces the slash with \f(CW\*(C`::\*(C'\fR or something else
safe for a man page file name. Returns the replacement.
.IP "static (o)" 2
.IX Item "static (o)"
Defines the static target.
.IP "static_lib (o)" 2
.IX Item "static_lib (o)"
Defines how to produce the *.a (or equivalent) files.
.IP "staticmake (o)" 2
.IX Item "staticmake (o)"
Calls makeaperl.
.IP "subdir_x (o)" 2
.IX Item "subdir_x (o)"
Helper subroutine for subdirs
.IP "subdirs (o)" 2
.IX Item "subdirs (o)"
Defines targets to process subdirectories.
.IP "test (o)" 2
.IX Item "test (o)"
Defines the test targets.
.IP "test_via_harness (override)" 2
.IX Item "test_via_harness (override)"
For some reason which I forget, Unix machines like to have
\&\s-1PERL_DL_NONLAZY\s0 set for tests.
.IP "test_via_script (override)" 2
.IX Item "test_via_script (override)"
Again, the \s-1PERL_DL_NONLAZY\s0 thing.
.IP "tool_autosplit (o)" 2
.IX Item "tool_autosplit (o)"
Defines a simple perl call that runs autosplit. May be deprecated by
pm_to_blib soon.
.IP "tools_other (o)" 2
.IX Item "tools_other (o)"
Defines \s-1SHELL\s0, \s-1LD\s0, \s-1TOUCH\s0, \s-1CP\s0, \s-1MV\s0, \s-1RM_F\s0, \s-1RM_RF\s0, \s-1CHMOD\s0, \s-1UMASK_NULL\s0 in
the Makefile. Also defines the perl programs \s-1MKPATH\s0,
\&\s-1WARN_IF_OLD_PACKLIST\s0, \s-1MOD_INSTALL\s0. \s-1DOC_INSTALL\s0, and \s-1UNINSTALL\s0.
.IP "tool_xsubpp (o)" 2
.IX Item "tool_xsubpp (o)"
Determines typemaps, xsubpp version, prototype behaviour.
.IP "top_targets (o)" 2
.IX Item "top_targets (o)"
Defines the targets all, subdirs, config, and O_FILES
.IP "writedoc" 2
.IX Item "writedoc"
Obsolete, deprecated method. Not used since Version 5.21.
.IP "xs_c (o)" 2
.IX Item "xs_c (o)"
Defines the suffix rules to compile \s-1XS\s0 files to C.
.IP "xs_cpp (o)" 2
.IX Item "xs_cpp (o)"
Defines the suffix rules to compile \s-1XS\s0 files to \*(C+.
.IP "xs_o (o)" 2
.IX Item "xs_o (o)"
Defines suffix rules to go from \s-1XS\s0 to object files directly. This is
only intended for broken make implementations.
.IP "perl_archive" 2
.IX Item "perl_archive"
This is internal method that returns path to libperl.a equivalent
to be linked to dynamic extensions. \s-1UNIX\s0 does not have one but other
OSs might have one.
.IP "perl_archive_after" 2
.IX Item "perl_archive_after"
This is an internal method that returns path to a library which
should be put on the linker command line \fIafter\fR the external libraries
to be linked to dynamic extensions. This may be needed if the linker
is one\-pass, and Perl includes some overrides for C \s-1RTL\s0 functions,
such as \fImalloc()\fR.
.IP "export_list" 2
.IX Item "export_list"
This is internal method that returns name of a file that is
passed to linker to define symbols to be exported.
\&\s-1UNIX\s0 does not have one but \s-1OS2\s0 and Win32 do.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
ExtUtils::MakeMaker
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